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Stock split advantages and disadvantages.
Types of stock splits -
How a Stock Split Works
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Some investors may avoid expensive stocks because they can’t afford a single share. High prices can also create the misleading perception of inflated valuation.
Stock splits are common, especially for companies with significantly rising share prices. While often viewed as a positive signal for a company’s future, a stock split doesn’t guarantee continued price growth.
Stock Split?
There are two types of stock splits: forward and reverse splits.
- Forward stock split: The most common split, the forward stock split, is an action taken by a publicly traded company to divide one common share into a set number of smaller shares without diluting its market capitalization or a shareholder’s ownership stakes.
- Reverse stock split: Also called a reverse split, a reverse stock split dilutes the share price but not the total valuation. A company’s board of directors decide to issue more shares of its stock to current shareholders and grow its outstanding share count while maintaining its original market capitalization. The value of the split shares combined equal the original value of the single share. Therefore, a 2-for-1 stock split would mean a single share worth $60 would be split into two shares worth $30 each.
Whatever the split ratio, the value is also split by the same ratio. A 3-for-1 (which can be denoted as 3:1) stock split for a $60 stock would result in three shares valued at $20 each.
The number of shares would increase, but the value of the shares would remain the same. If a company has one million outstanding shares worth $10 each, then a 2-for-1 stock split would result in 2,000,000 outstanding shares worth $5 each.
If you owned 100 shares at $10 a share, your investment would be worth $10,000. After the 2-for-1 stock split, you would own 2,000 shares at $5 a share and your investment would still be worth $10,000.
What does a 4-for-1 stock split mean for a stock trading at $100? It means there will be four times more shares outstanding trading at $25 each post-split, or after the split takes effect.
How a Stock Split Works
What does it mean when a stock splits? The term “stock split” can be misleading because it implies that a company cuts a share of stock into pieces determined by the announced ratio, like taking scissors to a stock certificate and cutting it in half for a 2-for-1 stock split. That’s not what happens. It’s the opposite effect — shares are actually duplicated, not divided.
Stock splits create new shares at a cheaper valuation. The share price purposely gets diluted, but market capitalization stays the same as do the ownership stakes for shareholders. Stock splits are granted to existing shareholders, who receive new additional shares at a discounted ratio to the original share.
You receive more shares, but the value of each share drops in proportion to the ratio. For example, if you own 100 shares of a $10 stock, then a 2-for-1 stock split would grant you an extra share of stock worth $5
added to your existing share of stock now worth $5, leaving you with 200 shares of stock at $5 each. Keep in mind that the cost basis per share will also change when it comes to taxes. The end result leaves you with more shares but worth the same total value. Let’s take a look at three stock split steps.
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What is a Stock Split?
A stock split occurs when a company divides its existing shares into multiple new shares. For example, in a 2-for-1 stock split, a shareholder with one share will now have two shares, but the price per share will be halved.
If the original share price was $100, after the split, each share would be worth $50. This action does not change the total value of the investment; it simply increases the number of shares while decreasing the price per share.
A stock split is essentially a way for a company to increase the number of shares each investor holds, without changing the total value of their investment. The main idea is to lower the price per share, making the stock more accessible, especially for retail investors who may have found it too expensive to buy in before.
What does a stock split mean? A stock split happens when a company increases its shares in order to boost liquidity of a stock. The dollar value of all shares stays the same, however. Many companies commonly issue 2-for-1 and 3-for-1 stock splits.
Recent reverse stock splits include:
- Purple Biotech Ltd. (PPBT) - Reverse 1-for-20 on September 17, 2024
- Nuvve Holding Corp (NVVE) - Reverse 1-for-10 on September 17, 2024
- Mullen Automotive Inc (MULN) - Reverse 1-for-100 on September 17, 2024
- Luokung Technology Corp (LKCO) - Reverse 1-for-8 on September 17, 2024
- Hyzon Motors Inc (HYZN) - Reverse 1-for-50 on September 11, 2024
- Sirius XM Holdings Inc (SIRI) - Reverse 1-for-10 on September 10, 2024
- Draganfly Inc (DPRO) - Reverse 1-for-25 on September 5, 2024
- Lightinthebox Holding Co Ltd. (LITB) - Reverse 1-for-6 on September 5, 2024
- Better Home & Finance Holding Co. (BETR) - Reverse 1-for-50 on August 19, 2024
- Ginkgo Bioworks Holdings Inc (DNA) - Reverse 1-for-40 on August 20, 2024
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Stock split advantages and disadvantages
Stock splits are a common strategy used by publicly traded companies. Although they’re typically seen as market-neutral events, stock splits come with distinct advantages and disadvantages.
Whether or not investors benefit from a stock split depends on several factors, such as timing, market perception, and investor behavior.
Stock split advantages
Companies often choose to split their stock when the share price has risen significantly. Here are four key advantages of a stock split:
- Increased liquidity: By lowering the price per share, stock splits make it more affordable to purchase standard lots of 100 shares. This lower price, combined with a greater number of shares in circulation, can boost liquidity, making it easier and cheaper for investors to trade the stock;
- Wider appeal to new investors: A lower share price can attract new investors who may have been deterred by a higher price. This can serve as a marketing tool, increasing demand for the stock;
- Psychological perception: Stock splits often generate media buzz, especially when high-profile companies like Apple or Nvidia undergo splits. This has led to an association between stock splits and growth or success. The perceived affordability following a split can enhance a company’s image and draw in new investors;
- Promote optimal share price: Stock splits can help a company maintain its share price within a targeted range to stay competitive and attract investors. Since a company can split its stock multiple times, this practice can help achieve and maintain an ideal share price.
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Stock split disadvantages
While stock splits aim to improve a company's image and lower its share price, their impact has limitations. Here are five key disadvantages:
- No change in fundamental value: No matter how often a company splits its stock, the intrinsic value of the business remains unchanged. The company’s market capitalization stays the same, and there are no direct effects on its financial performance;
- Increased costs: Despite not affecting the company’s underlying value, stock splits can create additional costs and administrative complexities;
- Perception of shareholder dilution: Although stock splits don’t dilute actual ownership, some investors might feel that holding more shares at a lower price devalues their investment, leading to a perception of reduced value;
- Potential volatility: Stock splits can attract short-term traders and speculators, which may result in increased volatility and exaggerated price swings. While this can offer higher upside potential, it also brings increased downside risk
- Reasons for a Stock Split
Companies typically opt for stock splits for several reasons: Affordability: High share prices can deter small investors. By splitting the stock, companies make shares more accessible to a broader range of investors.
Liquidity: Increasing the number of shares can enhance trading volume and liquidity, making it easier for investors to buy and sell shares.
Market Perception: A lower share price can create a perception of affordability, potentially attracting more investors.
In summary, stock splits are strategic decisions made by companies to adjust their share price and improve marketability. While they do not affect the overall value of the company or the total investment of shareholders, they can influence investor perception and trading activity. Understanding stock splits is essential for investors to make informed decisions in the stock market.
Some companies do the opposite with a reverse stock split, where they combine shares to raise the price per share. Again, the company’s total value stays the same, but this move often helps meet stock exchange rules – like Nasdaq’s minimum price requirement – to avoid the risk of being delisted.
MacKenzie Realty Capital (MKZR) – MacKenzie Realty Capital is a real estate investment issuer focused on managing a portfolio of income-generating assets. On August 1, the company announced a 1‑for‑10 reverse stock split aimed at meeting Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement and preserving its listing status. The split takes effect on August 4. With shares down 84% this year, the company’s strategy seems to be generating everything but returns.
Bollinger Innovations (BINI) – Bollinger Innovations, an electric vehicle company based in Michigan, intends to implement a 1‑for‑250 reverse stock split – the maximum ratio approved – to avoid Nasdaq delisting. The split was approved by shareholders on July 22, and will become effective August 4.
Ostin Technology Group (OST) – China-based Ostin Technology supplies display modules and polarizers for consumer electronics and automotive industries. On July 28, the company announced a 1‑for‑25 reverse share split to meet Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement and maintain its listing. The split is set to take effect on August 5.
Spruce Biosciences (SPRB) – Spruce is a biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for neurological disorders. On July 24, the company announced a 1‑for‑75 reverse stock split to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s $1 minimum bid price rule. The split will become effective on August 4, with split‑adjusted trading beginning at the open on August 5.
Calidi Biotherapeutics (CLDI) – Calidi Biotherapeutics is a clinical‑stage biotech firm pioneering targeted virotherapies. On July 25, the company announced a 1‑for‑12 reverse stock split aimed at elevating its trading conditions and appeal under NYSE American listing standards. The split will be effective on August 5.
Acurx Pharmaceuticals (ACXP) – Acurx is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing novel anti-infective therapies. On July 31, the company announced a 1‑for‑20 reverse stock split aimed at regaining compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price rule. The split takes effect before market open on August 5.
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- Successful underlying performance: Stock splits tend to be associated with successful underlying performance as a company’s stock price rises out of reach.
- More affordable: The cheaper share prices post-split make it more affordable for investors to buy into stocks that may have been out of reach before.
- Bring new investors in: Stock splits bring new investors into the stock, making it more accessible while diversifying its shareholder base.
- Drive up share prices: Stock splits tend to drive up share prices on the announcement date and after the effective date as new shareholders buy up the cheaper shares.
- More liquidity: The increase in outstanding shares and new shareholders also enables more liquidity, often resulting in tighter bid and ask spreads, resulting in less volatility and slippage.
- Magnified profits: You’ll see gains as a shareholder of record. For example, owning 100 shares of a $40 stock that rises $1 produces a $100 net gain, but after a 4-for-1 split, owning 400 shares of a $10 stock that rises $1 produces a $400 net gain.
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Stock Splits vs. Reverse Stock Splits
The second and less common type of stock split, a reverse stock split, is the opposite of the forward split because it attempts to reduce the outstanding shares as it elevates the value of each share. A reverse split converts each outstanding share into a partial share of stock relative to the announced ratio.
Therefore, a 1-for-10 reverse stock split on 100 shares of a $1 stock results in 10 shares of a $10 stock afterward. A forward stock split implies strong performance for the company but a reverse stock split implies the opposite. Companies that may be at risk of delisting will execute a reverse stock split to get the share price back up.
Broadcom stock split
Chipmaker Broadcom (AVGO) completed a 10-for-1 stock split on July 12 after market close. Before the split, the AI technology rally had driven the company’s stock price above $1,700 per share. The 2024 split was the first in the company’s history.
Chipotle stock split
Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG) completed a 50-for-1 stock split on June 26. Before the split, the company’s stock price was above $3,200 per share. The split was the first since Chipotle’s initial public offering in January 2006, when its price was just $22.
Nvidia stock split
Nvidia (NVDA) has performed exceptionally well as an investment in the past decade. The company has completed two stock splits in the past three years alone. On July 20, 2021, it implemented a 4-for-1 stock split. It also completed a 10-for-1 split on June 7, when its stock price exceeded $1,200.
GE stock split
General Electric (GE) completed a different type of restructuring in 2024. On April 2, GE completed a spinoff of its energy business into a separate company. Unlike a stock split, which splits shares of stock, a spinoff splits the company into separate public companies. Each GE shareholder received one share of the new GE Vernova (GEV) for every four shares of GE stock they held.
Walmart stock split
Walmart (WMT) completed a 3-for-1 stock split on Feb. 22 after the market closed. Before the split, the company’s stock price had climbed above $170 per share. The 2024 split was Walmart’s first since 1999.
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knowledgefinancial Here are some of the 2024 stock splits coming up.
Split date Stock symbol Company name Split type Split ratio Oct. 28, 2024 KZIA Kazia Therapeutics Limited Reverse 1 for 10 Oct. 28, 2024 SVRE SaverOne 2014 Ltd. ADR Reverse 1 for 18 Oct. 30, 2024 NA Nano Labs Ltd. Sponsored ADR Class A Reverse 1 for 10 Oct. 31, 2024 TKLF Yoshitsu Co. Ltd. Sponsored ADR Reverse 1 for 10 Nov. 4, 2024 RGBP Regen Forward 0.5 for 1 Nov. 5, 2024 NVMLF Navarre Minerals Limited Reverse 1 for 500 Nov. 5, 2024 RDY Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd Forward 0.2 for 1 Nov. 20, 2024 IVIXF Invion Ltd Reverse 1 for 100 Nov. 25, 2024 PENMF Peninsula Energy Limited Reverse 1 for 20 Dec. 17, 2024 BMNAF Si6 Metals Limited Reverse 1 for 20 
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A rule of thumb in your 60s:
As you head into retirement, make sure you understand the 4% safe withdrawal rate for retirement spending. The rule states that historically in the U.S., with a 50% bond investment and a 50% stock investment, you could afford to spend 4% of your investments a year and not run out of money for 30 years. This is a conservative approach. KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.
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blogspot.com - Understanding Credit
Credit gives you the ability to purchase large items when you don't have the
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Different Types of Credit
It's important to be aware of the different types of credit so that you can be
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Open-end Revolving credit (Secured and Unsecured)
■ Open-end 30-day credit
■ Closed-end credit
Open-end, Revolving Credit
The first type of credit is open-end revolving credit. This kind of credit
comes in two types: secured and unsecured.
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Open-end, Unsecured, Revolving Credit
This type of credit requires that you have a fixed credit limit and pay at least
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Open-end, Secured, Revolving Credit
This type of open-end credit requires you to secure your credit card
purchases by keeping a certain amount of money in a saving account or by
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Open-end, 30 Day Credit
The second main type of credit is Open-end 30-day credit. This type of
credit usually comes with a high credit limit, but you must pay your
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day credit.
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There are four basic steps to building your credit:
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Credit and Saving: Four Good Reasons to Save Your Money
Another important part of rebuilding your credit is to save. Here are four
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